

In the early 1900s, Czar Nicholas II’s Okhranka (secret police) in Russia promoted a hoax document called the Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion – claimed to be the minutes of a secret ‘cabal’ of Jews who manipulated world events through the Freemasons and other groups. This often devolves into charges that ‘The Jews’ are behind some sinister plan for global subversion. Unlike most progressive theories about political power that stress systemic, institutional or structural analyses, conspiracy theories claim a handful of sinister plotters are mucking things up. The idea that a secret group of powerful people is conspiring to control world events is centuries old, and it is seeing a troubling resurgence on the political Left. All these claims are patently false, yet they have devoted defenders.


If you surf the web, you may have encountered the claim that the Israeli spy agency Mossad warned 4,000 Jews who worked in the World Trade Centre to stay home on 11 September 2001 or that a handful of Jewish lobbyists control US foreign policy or the world is run by the Zionist Occupation Government (ZOG).
